{"id":10163,"date":"2026-09-23T06:29:31","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T06:29:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tradegoai.app\/?p=10163"},"modified":"2026-10-10T03:20:07","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T03:20:07","slug":"fca-incoterms-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tradegoai.app\/vi\/fca-incoterms-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Incoterms FCA 2020: Giao h\u00e0ng, Chuy\u1ec3n giao r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi FOB v\u00e0 EXW"},"content":{"rendered":"

FCA l\u00e0 Incoterm m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Incoterm b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. FCA n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa EXW, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c, v\u00e0 FOB, trong \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u. FCA ph\u00e2n chia c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t: \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m. Ch\u1ecdn sai, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c b\u1ed1c h\u00e0ng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed xe t\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i h\u1eefu \u00edch nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ea3n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103m 2020. C\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ecf v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tranh c\u00e3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb giao nh\u1eadn. Quy t\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c FCA bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed7i b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec, r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n giao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, FCA t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch FCA so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi FOB v\u00e0 EXW. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1edbi thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3, Tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn Incoterms\u00ae 2020<\/a> \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu t\u1eebng quy t\u1eafc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m vi, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 quy t\u1eafc Incoterms EXW<\/a> ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00fd do vi\u1ec7c giao th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua khi\u1ebfn FCA th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FCA c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

FCA l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Free Carrier (Giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf). Theo Incoterms 2020 do Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf ban h\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n giao h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u00e0n giao h\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf do ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, r\u1ee7i ro chuy\u1ec3n sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf\u201d. FCA kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y t\u00f9y l\u00fac. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n giao h\u00e0ng cho m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb giao nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, h\u00e3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb gom h\u00e0ng \u2014 c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thanh to\u00e1n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0n giao, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn FCA th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch cho c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng container v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0u. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y, FOB \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng l\u00ean boong t\u00e0u, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ebfm khi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t container th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a FOB<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0n giao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 b\u00ean n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Xe<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean n\u00e0o x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng l\u00ean xe t\u1ea3i<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Incoterms 2020 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u00e2y tranh ch\u1ea5p FCA l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t. Khi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/strong>, vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua. Khi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<\/strong> \u2014 kho c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb giao nh\u1eadn, nh\u00e0 ga, s\u00e2n bay \u2014 vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee1 xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ghi \u201cFCA Shanghai\u201d v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu ghi \u201cFCA Shanghai Pudong Airport\u201d v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng xe t\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua s\u1ebd d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng. S\u1ef1 m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ea1o ra cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ebfn b\u1ed1c d\u1ee1: t\u00e0i x\u1ebf t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng, nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb giao nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 container l\u1ee1 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed: ghi r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5ng ho\u1eb7c kho, ghi r\u00f5 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Khi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 x\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n thay v\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng Incoterms s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00ean k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o container<\/a> s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ebfp v\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Xe<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro chuy\u1ec3n giao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u2014 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Theo FCA, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro cho \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua thanh to\u00e1n c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh, ph\u00ed v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i, b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do FCA th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n khi so s\u00e1nh b\u00e1o gi\u00e1: chi ph\u00ed logistics th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi s\u1ed5 s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n t\u1eeb s\u1edbm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m. FCA kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c b\u00ean n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u01b0\u1eddng mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2014 nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i thu x\u1ebfp b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra sau khi t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t sinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai th\u00f3i quen c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0a b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng thay v\u00ec ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u theo Incoterm. Th\u1ee9 hai, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n chi ph\u00ed giao h\u00e0ng \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0n giao \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean n\u00e0o b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m \u2014 thu\u1ebf, ph\u00ed x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u1ea1i ga v\u00e0 giao h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t. C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Xe<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u1eabn thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Theo FCA, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m t\u1edd khai xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, m\u1ecdi gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin an ninh v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd so v\u1edbi EXW, trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u2014 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p l\u00fd t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n cung c\u1ea5p h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng giao h\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u2014 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3, Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/a> s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i dung n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh danh s\u00e1ch cho t\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng, c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n cho h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a FCA m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p: v\u00ec b\u1ea1n giao h\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh theo ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng giao h\u00e0ng \u2014 bi\u00ean nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng, ch\u1eef k\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i x\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c phi\u1ebfu x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb giao nh\u1eadn. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua cho r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FCA v\u00e0 FOB: v\u00ec sao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3ng container th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng FCA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

FOB y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n giao h\u00e0ng l\u00ean boong t\u00e0u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi container th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng: container \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n giao cho nh\u00e0 ga nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e0u c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 giao h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 FOB quy \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m giao h\u00e0ng. Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa hai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, FOB t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

FCA lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ec7ch n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng di\u1ec5n ra khi container \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1ecbu r\u1ee7i ro ngay khi m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u00e0m ph\u00e1n ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ph\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. C\u00e1c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u00e0u, lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 FOB t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00f2n FCA c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u00e0u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng FOB \u2014 nh\u01b0ng h\u00e3y xem \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ed5 sung. So s\u00e1nh b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 theo hai \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn; C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 so s\u00e1nh b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1c b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 s\u1edf so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"B\u00e3i<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

FCA v\u00e0 EXW: c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

EXW l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn, x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n. Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do: t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u khu v\u1ef1c ph\u00e1p l\u00fd, vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p t\u1edd khai xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do FCA th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn kh\u1ea3 thi h\u01a1n EXW. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u1eabn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1edd khai xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u2014 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2014 trong khi v\u1eabn b\u00e0n giao vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb s\u1edbm. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng. M\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng EXW giao vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n. Khi quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n \u2014 thanh to\u00e1n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, kho\u1ea3n ph\u1ea1t \u2014 n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n giao h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 thay v\u00ec t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb; xem TradeShield - \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So s\u00e1nh FCA, FOB v\u00e0 EXW<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
Ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5<\/th>EXW<\/th>FCA<\/th>FOB<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
X\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n (khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td><\/tr>
V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u00e0n giao<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td><\/tr>
Th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua (kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 thi trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p)<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n<\/td><\/tr>
R\u1ee7i ro chuy\u1ec3n giao<\/td>T\u1ea1i c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n, h\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp<\/td>Khi giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>Tr\u00ean boong t\u00e0u<\/td><\/tr>
V\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/td>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua<\/td><\/tr>
Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3ng container<\/td>K\u00e9m<\/td>T\u1ed1t<\/td>B\u1ea5t ti\u1ec7n trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf<\/td><\/tr>
C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n ghi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng<\/td>Kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>C\u00f3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 hai d\u00f2ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd. D\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean n\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, c\u00f2n d\u00f2ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u00e3y ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 thanh to\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u h\u00f3a logistics xung quanh \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Khi thu\u1ebf h\u1ea3i quan v\u00e0 thu\u1ebf nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i to\u00e1n, h\u00e3y l\u1eadp m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ri\u00eang cho ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh Thu\u1ebf H\u1ea3i quan & Thu\u1ebf Nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u<\/a> thay v\u00ec g\u1ed9p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng FCA<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

FCA \u0111\u1ec1 cao kh\u00e2u chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n. H\u00e3y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y cho m\u1ecdi \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng FCA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 N\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ho\u1eb7c t\u00ean nh\u00e0 ga, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 N\u00eau t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf.<\/strong> FCA y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao h\u00e0ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf do ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn khung th\u1eddi gian l\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t xe t\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i khung th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t khung gi\u1edd x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai \u0111\u1eb7t, s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 ngay t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng giao h\u00e0ng.<\/strong> Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng minh vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0n giao v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd k\u00fd t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 X\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/strong> Theo FCA, gi\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p v\u00e0 ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t thu\u1ed9c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 \u0110\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n.<\/strong> K\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00f9ng carton ph\u1ea3i kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i. Tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/a> t\u1ea1o d\u1eef li\u1ec7u ki\u1ec7n h\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, v\u00e0 Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o k\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/a> gi\u1eef cho k\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9 v\u1edbi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n sai l\u1ea7m g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Vi\u1ebft \u201cFCA\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FCA kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Cho r\u1eb1ng FCA bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng.<\/strong> \u0110\u00fang \u2014 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n. T\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0n giao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Ng\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m.<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 mua b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m theo FCA. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng, h\u00e3y ghi r\u00f5 trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 M\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ecdn FOB cho h\u00e0ng container.<\/strong> FOB y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n giao h\u00e0ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd container. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00ean n\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn trong gi\u00e1. Khi c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7, C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh ph\u00ed v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n LCL<\/a> gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn kho\u1ea3n ph\u00ed m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n: \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n g\u1ecdi t\u00ean thay v\u00ec m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. \u201cFCA\u201d tr\u00ean b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin g\u00ec cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u00e3y xem c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra khi so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, thay v\u00ec nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh quy t\u1eafc; khi \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed7i l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c minh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp theo<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e3y l\u1ea5y h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra ba \u0111i\u1ec1u. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n FCA \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00ean n\u00e0o ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng. Th\u1ee9 hai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u00e0 khung th\u1eddi gian l\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Th\u1ee9 ba, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng quan xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng thay v\u00ec m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p m\u00e0 FCA th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb quy tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t \u2014 nh\u1eefng tranh ch\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n. FCA l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy t\u1eafc ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng container; ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu quy t\u1eafc b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn v\u1edbi Tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn Incoterms\u00ae 2020<\/a>, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed giao \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i<\/a> tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u00e1o gi\u00e1. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed c\u1eadp b\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng chi ph\u00ed giao \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh theo t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi so s\u00e1nh FCA v\u1edbi FOB ho\u1eb7c EXW cho m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m h\u1eefu \u00edch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea song song ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean cho t\u1eebng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n v\u00e0 xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n n\u00e0o. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n thu x\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m thay v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Incoterms 2020 CIF<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi nhau \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u theo quy t\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Incoterms FCA: \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, b\u00ean n\u00e0o b\u1ed1c v\u00e0 d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng, r\u1ee7i ro chuy\u1ec3n giao t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 l\u00fd do FCA th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n FOB \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3ng container.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10162,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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