{"id":10212,"date":"2026-10-01T14:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-10-01T14:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tradegoai.app\/?p=10212"},"modified":"2026-10-10T03:50:13","modified_gmt":"2026-10-10T03:50:13","slug":"dinh-nghia-van-don","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tradegoai.app\/vi\/bill-of-lading-definition\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n: B\/L l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u \u00fd"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u2014 \u201c\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a\u201d \u2014 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 ba c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y: bi\u00ean lai nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n, c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd h\u1eadu khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n. Ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ee9 ba m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho vay d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t container b\u1ecb m\u1eafc k\u1eb9t t\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3ng c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n

H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, B\/L v\u00e0 BOL c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec, m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin quan tr\u1ecdng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n g\u1ed1c, telex release v\u00e0 sea waybill, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 do \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb giao nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00fd h\u1eadu v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra sai s\u00f3t nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb giao nh\u1eadn v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i<\/a>. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean container hay d\u00f9ng chung container v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 so s\u00e1nh FCL v\u00e0 LCL<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n: ba vai tr\u00f2 trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb<\/h2>\n
\"B\u00ean<\/figure>\n

V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb do ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n giao \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ba ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 bi\u00ean lai, v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau v\u00e0 b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 giao.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n theo \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u2014 c\u00e1c b\u00ean, h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00ednh c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau, theo \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00ec h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao k\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb s\u1edf h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm gi\u1eef h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho m\u1ed9t b\u00ean kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t bi\u00ean lai v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 li\u00ean quan, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n cho h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/a> tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ki\u1ec3m tra.<\/p>\n

B\/L v\u00e0 BOL c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/h2>\n

B\/L v\u00e0 BOL \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a bill of lading (v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n). B\/L l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u0169 h\u01a1n, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n trong th\u01b0 t\u00edn ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ch\u00e9o. BOL l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u1ef9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n d\u1ea1ng kia.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft n\u00e0y quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, bi\u1ec3u m\u1eabu v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n g\u1eb7p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eedi email v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201coriginal B\/L\u201d, c\u1ed5ng th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n t\u1ea3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u201cBOL\u201d, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 \u201cthe bill\u201d. Hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ba t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb s\u1ebd gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh l\u1ed7i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n sao v\u00ec hai b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn m\u1ed7i b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 hai d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft li\u00ean quan c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n, d\u00f9 tr\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1eed l\u00fd, c\u00f2n telex release kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn ch\u00fang v\u1edbi v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn tranh ch\u1ea5p giao h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung tr\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n<\/h2>\n
\"C\u00e1c<\/figure>\n

V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, v\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u00ean b\u00e0n giao h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng l\u00e0 b\u00ean c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o l\u00e0 b\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf li\u00ean h\u1ec7 khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00fd h\u1ea3i quan ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e0u, c\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3ng d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn trung chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, k\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u, s\u1ed1 ki\u1ec7n, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 t\u00edch ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00ec ch\u00fang x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u00eau r\u00f5 c\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay tr\u1ea3 sau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh theo c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt qua r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc g\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m v\u1eady: s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, n\u01a1i v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, c\u00f9ng ch\u1eef k\u00fd thay m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf. Ng\u00e0y ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u00e0u, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m tra th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 b\u1ed9. Khi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p theo t\u1eebng l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u<\/a> gi\u00fap l\u01b0u v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n, c\u00f2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i<\/a> gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o k\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, telex release v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h2>\n
\"C\u1eeda<\/figure>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ed3m ba b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ed9 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t: m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 b\u1ecb chia cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Telex release kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng, cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf giao h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng gi\u1eef. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y nhanh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 giao h\u00e0ng theo ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb telex, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n g\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a n\u1eefa, v\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh telex release tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t thanh to\u00e1n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n m\u1ea5t quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng: ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd t\u00f9y th\u00e2n thay v\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ty, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p khi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a. Vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u00ean n\u00ean n\u1eafm gi\u1eef quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111ang tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng mua b\u00e1n thay v\u00ec trong ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u00ednh<\/h2>\n
\"Th\u00f9ng<\/figure>\n

C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch; m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft nh\u00e3n n\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i nh\u00e3n l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Lo\u1ea1i<\/th>\n\u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/th>\nT\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
\u0110\u00edch danh<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd g\u1eedi cho m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng; ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7m c\u1ed1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Theo l\u1ec7nh<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd g\u1eedi theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nQuy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd h\u1eadu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u00f4 danh<\/td>\n\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m gi\u1eef thay v\u00ec cho m\u1ed9t b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td>\nB\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai n\u1eafm gi\u1eef ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng; h\u00e3y xem ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u00e3 x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/td>\nX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp l\u00ean t\u00e0u<\/td>\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, v\u00ec x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0y giao h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u0110\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/td>\nX\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nPh\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng container \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n giao cho b\u1ebfn c\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e0u x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
S\u1ea1ch<\/td>\nKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ho\u1eb7c bao b\u00ec<\/td>\n\u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i; v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i cho th\u1ea5y h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c bao b\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i (ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch)<\/td>\nC\u00f3 ghi ch\u00fa l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 bao b\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch<\/td>\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i theo t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn g\u00e2y ch\u1eadm thanh to\u00e1n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee7<\/td>\nDo ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho b\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1ed7 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e0<\/td>\nDo ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao nh\u1eadn gom h\u00e0ng<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n li\u00ean ch\u1eb7ng<\/td>\nBao qu\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n qua nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eb7ng ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c trong m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb duy nh\u1ea5t<\/td>\nH\u1eefu \u00edch khi tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7ng trung chuy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eb7ng n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Hai h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1ch ghi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng trong ba h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. H\u00e0ng ghi s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ph\u00ea ch\u00fa quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh to\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1eabn b\u1ecb ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n

V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee7<\/h2>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao nh\u1eadn x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hai v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n cho c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao nh\u1eadn, l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, hai ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c nhau. Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng ki\u1ec3m tra m\u1ed9t t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd t\u00ecm v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh, trong khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn giao h\u00e0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao nh\u1eadn n\u1eafm gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n

Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb giao h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao nh\u1eadn ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p. Khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c Tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ecdn Incoterms\u00ae 2020<\/a> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa t\u1eebng quy t\u1eafc v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 FCA Incoterms 2020<\/a> v\u00e0 Incoterms 2020 CIF<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u00ean n\u00e0o thu x\u1ebfp vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

K\u00fd h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao<\/h2>\n

Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a di chuy\u1ec3n. Quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch khi ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb cho ph\u00e9p. Tr\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n theo l\u1ec7nh, b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau t\u00ean k\u00fd h\u1eadu \u1edf m\u1eb7t sau v\u00e0 \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e ghi t\u00ean b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n k\u00fd h\u1eadu; trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c giao ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

C\u01a1 ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n l\u00e0m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng k\u00fd h\u1eadu chuy\u1ec3n cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng giao l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua khi thanh to\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c khi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u1ed1i phi\u1ebfu. H\u00e0ng h\u00f3a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf c\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng: v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn sau t\u00e0u s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u00ed l\u01b0u container ho\u1eb7c l\u01b0u b\u00e3i trong khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n

K\u00fd h\u1eadu c\u0169ng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n r\u1ee7i ro. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd h\u1eadu l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 k\u00fd h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi\u1ebfn v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u00f4 danh. V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ecb chia t\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh. Khi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u2014 bao g\u1ed3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng l\u00ean t\u00e0u v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c dung sai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ph\u00e9p trong ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy t\u1eafc ICC \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 thanh to\u00e1n ti\u1ec1n h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o., v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Khi v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n g\u1eb7p v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1<\/h2>\n

\u2022 V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n b\u1ecb ghi ph\u00ea ch\u00fa trong khi t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n s\u1ea1ch.<\/strong> M\u1ed9t ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 bao b\u00ec b\u1ecb r\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c th\u00f9ng carton b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t sai bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf. H\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra c\u00e1c ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u00e0u kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Th\u00f4ng tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua.<\/strong> V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u00edch danh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd h\u1eadu, v\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 thu x\u1ebfp t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch ghi trong h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 trong ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c khi h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i.<\/strong> N\u1ebfu b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m ch\u1edd. H\u00e3y thu x\u1ebfp ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thanh to\u00e1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n l\u01b0u b\u00e3i ph\u00e1t sinh sau \u0111\u00f3. Khi th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 so s\u00e1nh b\u00e1o gi\u00e1 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/a> gi\u00fap so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ed5ng th\u1eddi gian thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00ed.<\/p>\n

\u2022 V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee7 b\u1ecb g\u1ed9p l\u1eabn.<\/strong> Ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n nh\u00e0, trong khi vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee7, v\u00e0 hai ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho nhau. H\u00e3y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c k\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i.<\/strong> Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan h\u1ea3i quan \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp gi\u1eefa v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 sai bi\u1ec7t thanh to\u00e1n l\u1eabn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng quan. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ph\u1ea7n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 khi c\u00f3 k\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 Tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o k\u00fd m\u00e3 hi\u1ec7u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n<\/a> gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00f9ng carton v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp theo<\/h2>\n

V\u1edbi l\u00f4 h\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp theo, h\u00e3y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi giao h\u00e0ng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o: b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ea5y g\u1eedi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n hay b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao h\u00e0ng theo ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n b\u00e1o \u2014 v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t trong khi h\u00e0ng \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ee9 hai, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn h\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua ho\u1eb7c ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Th\u1ee9 ba, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh bao nhi\u00eau b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd gi\u1eef b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb trong khi h\u00e0ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y ki\u1ec3m tra v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i ngay khi v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh, khi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i. V\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trang gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh mu\u1ed9n trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do c\u00e1c sai s\u00f3t tr\u00ean v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n. Khi ph\u00eda thanh to\u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n theo t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 t\u00ednh chi ph\u00ed t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/a> bao qu\u00e1t chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 giao th\u00ec kho\u1ea3n thu\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng khi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn; h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i<\/a> gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n trong b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. Khi m\u1ed9t th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn bao qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi vi\u1ec7c giao h\u00e0ng, chi ph\u00ed, r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 thanh to\u00e1n, n\u00ean xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb \u2014 xem TradeShield - \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 r\u1ee7i ro h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n: B\/L l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ba vai tr\u00f2 m\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao b\u1eb1ng k\u00fd h\u1eadu.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":10211,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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of lading definition explained: what a B\/L is, the three roles it performs, the types that change your risk, and how title transfers by 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